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Palms

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Over the last decade, there has been a rise in the number of gardeners who wish to create Mediterranean, or semi-tropical type gardens. Many plants we use for tropical effect have large leaves and these will suffer with wind damage if sited in cold, exposed gardens. The soil should be fertile, but well drained. On very heavy, constantly wet soils, first create a bed raised 15-22cm above normal soil level. Railway sleepers, logs, or stone type walling blocks are ideal for this purpose. Fill the raised bed with 50 per cent top soil mixed with 50 per cent alpine grit or gravel. Although we visualize tropical plants on desert islands, there are many which are hardy enough to withstand winters in the UK. Palms are ideal to use as specimens, however, only a few are hardy. Trachycarpus fortunei and Chamaerops humilis are an example of two palms hardy enough to survive winter; in fact, we have grown them in our nursery showground. Growing in a raised bed, they have both withstood a number of cold, wet winters and, being evergreen, look attractive throughout the year.

Cordylines, sometimes known as the 'Cabbage Palm', can be seen growing in many parts of the UK with either single, or multiple branched trunks. Each trunk is topped with a dense mass of evergreen, sword-like green, purple, or variegated leaves. As young plants, they look outstanding when grown in containers. Phormiums also have evergreen, sword-like leaves, however, these do not form a trunk, but instead forms dense 75/150cm tall clumps. There are numerous forms of Phormium with either green, purple, black and variegated forms of gold, silver or pink leaves. Most will grow in any fertile, well-drained soil and are superb container plants. Yuccas are native to Mexico and Southern USA where they are often seen in desert-like conditions. There are a number of Yucca species and cultivars that are hardy enough to grow in gardens throughout the UK. However, they do require a very well drained soil and full sun.

Brahea armata
A superb palm for a warm, sheltered and sunny position. Lovely blue foliage. Requires a fertile, well drained soil in the sun. In severe winters needs protection. Height 8 feet in 10 years.
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Butia capitata
An evergreen palm tree whose large, bluish-green, elegant foliage looks outstanding. It will not thrive in cold, wet gardens but looks superb as a container plant which is taken into a cold conservatory during the winter. Requires a fertile but well drained soil in sun. Height 10 feet in 20 years.
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Chamaerops humilis
A choice, slow growing, evergreen palm with large, rounded, fan-shaped, green leaves. Heads of small, pale yellow flowers on mature plants in late summer. Requires a fertile, but well drained soil, in sun, but sheltered from cold winds. Height 4 to 5 feet.
Chamaerops humilis 'Vulcano'
A dwarf evergreen european palm with large, deep green, fan shaped leaves. Ideal container plant. Requires a fertile, moist but well drained soil in sun, or part shade. Resents cold winds. Height 2.5 feet.
Cordyline australis
The New Zealand Cabbage Palm. A superb evergreen which forms a rosette of green sword like leaves. Eventually forms a trunk or multi-stemmed small tree. Mature plants produce panicles of fragrant, creamy white flowers in early summer. Requires a fertile but well drained soil in sun. Excellent container plant. Height 6 to 8 feet in 20 years.
Cordyline australis 'Atropurpurea'
Rosette of purple sword like leaves and head of cream flowers on mature plants. Very architectural and greatb as a pot plant. Best grown in a fertile very well drained soil. Height 6 feet.
Cordyline australis 'Coffee Cream'
The New Zealand Cabbage Palm. An evergreen which forms a rosette of light brown, sword-like leaves, rarely forming a trunk in the Midlands. Requires a very well drained soil in a sheltered position with full sun. Excellent in a tub. Height 5 feet.
Cordyline australis 'Pacific Coral'
An outstanding evergreen whose dramatic sword like leaves are deep burgandy in colour with a striking coral-red variegation. Small scented white flowers may appear in summer. Ideal container plant. Requires a fertile but very well drained soil in sun. Height 4 feet in 10 years.
Cordyline australis 'Pink Stripe'
An outstanding evergreen whose rosette of bronze-green leaves have a bright pink stripe down the center. Ideal container plant. Requires a fertile but very well drained soil in sun. Height 3 feet in 10 years.
Cordyline australis 'Red Sensation'
A superb form of the hardy, evergreen cabbage palm whose long purple-red leaves form a broad rossette. Will eventually form a short trunk. Excellent focal point in a mediterranean type garden. Requires a fertile but very well drained soil in sun. Height 4 feet in 10 years.
Cordyline australis 'Sparkler'
A superb evergreen which forms a rosette of green, yellow-edged sword like leaves, with a red stripe on the back of the leaf. Requires a fertile but well drained soil in sun. Excellent container plant. Protect from cold winds. Height 3 foot.
Cordyline australis 'Sundance'
A superb 'Cabbage Palm' whose large green leaves have a red strip in the bottom half, giving the rosette a star-like affect. Requires a fertile, very well drained soil in sun. Resents cold gardens. Height 6 feet in 20 years.
Cordyline australis 'Torbay Red'
A superb form of the New Zealand Cabbage Palm. Forms a single or branched trunk which is topped by a large rosette of sword-like reddish leaves. Large panicles of creamy flowers in early summer. Requires a fertile but well drained soil in sun.
Cordyline australis 'Torbay Sunset'
Forms a single trunk topped with a large mass of evergreen green striped sword-like leaves. Panicles of creamy flowers late summer. Needs a very well drained soil and full sun. Not for cold or exposed gardens. Height 8 feet.
Cordyline x gibbingsiae 'Red Fountain'
An outstanding evergreen whose stiff sword-shaped purple-red leaves form a dense rosette. Heads of creamy flowers in mid summer. Requires a fertile, moist, but well drained soil in sun. Height 8 feet.
Cordyline 'Green Goddess'
Evergreen rosette of green sword-like leaves and heads of creamy flowers in late summer. In warmer counties will form a trunk. In cold areas pot grow and overwinter in a cold greenhouse or garage. Height 8 feet.
Cordyline 'Purple Tower'
A selected form of Atropurpurea with darker red-brown sword-like leaves. Best grown in a fertile, very well drained soil. In cold areas pot grow and take into a cold greenhouse or garage in the winter. Height 9 feet in 20 years.
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Phormium cookianum hookeri 'Cream Delight'
An upright, clump-forming evergreen, whose arching sword-like leaves are heavily striped with cream. Excellent focal point in a gravel area. Requires a very well drained soil in sun. Height 3 feet.
Phormium cookianum hookeri 'Tricolor'
A very striking evergreen with sword-like green leaves, edged creamy-yellow and narrowly margined with red. A superb tropical looking plant. Requires a fertile, very well drained soil in full sun. Height of leaves from 3 feet.
Phormium tenax
The New Zealand Flax. An evergreen shrub with long, green, sword-shaped leaves forming a dense clump. Tall panicles of bronze-red flowers in late summer. Requires a fertile, very well drained soil in sun. Height 6 feet, 10 feet with flower stems.
Phormium tenax 'Purpureum'
A New Zealand Flax with purple, sword shaped leaves and spines of bronze-red flowers during the summer on mature plants. Requires a fertile, well drained soil in sun. Eventual height 6 feet.
Phormium tenax 'Variegatum'
A very striking evergreen with large green and cream, sword-like leaves and long panicles of cream flowers in summer. A superb tropical looking plant. Requires a fertile, very well drained soil in full sun. Height of leaves from 3 to 9 feet.
Phormium 'Alison Blackman'
A recently introduced New Zealand Flax whose sword-shaped evergreen leaves have olive-green centres with a broad cream stripe either side and a very thin red edge. Superb container plant. Requires a fertile, very well drained soil in sun. Height 4 to 6 feet
Phormium 'Apricot Queen'
Evergreen shrub with a low weeping habit. The leaves are soft yellow, flushed with apricot and margined with dark green and bronze. Requires a fertile, but very well drained soil in sun. Shelter from cold winds. Height 3 feet.
Phormium 'Black Edge'
A superb evergreen whose stiff, upright, sword-like green leaves have a narrow dark brown edge. Excellent for tropical effect. Requires a fertile, very well drained soil in sun. Height 6 to 8 feet.
Phormium 'Bronze Baby'
A superb specimen plant for a sunny garden, or as a container plant. Long, bronze-red, sword-shaped but arching leaves in a dense cluster. Requires a fertile but well drained soil in sun. Resents cold, wet soils. Height 4 feet.
Phormium 'Chocolate'
An unusual evergreen with deep, dusky bronze leaves which have a greyish hue on the underside. Looks superb in a red, yellow or even blue container. Requires a fertile but very well drained soil in sun. Height 6 feet
Phormium 'Dazzler'
Evergreen, upright perennial with tufts of bold, stiff, pointed leaves in tones of yellow, salmon-pink, orange-red and bronze. Bluish-purple flowers in summer. Height 6 to 8 feet in flower, spread 3 feet. Requires full sun and moist soil.
Phormium 'Duet'
A superb evergreen shrub with large, sword-shaped green leaves which are striped with lime-green and cream. Requires a fertile, but very well drained soil in sun. Height 3 to 4 feet.
Phormium 'Evening Glow'
Evergreen shrub with stiff, sword-shaped bright red-pink leaves. Young leaves are upright, older leaves spreading. Requires a fertile, but very well drained soilin sun. Shelter from cold winds. Height 3 feet.
Phormium 'Flamingo'
Evergreen plant whose large, sword-like leaves are striped with green, bronze and red. Requires a very well drained soil, full sun and shelter from cold winds. Height 4 to 6 feet
Phormium 'Gold Sword'
A superb evergreen New Zealand Flax which forms a tight clump of green, sword-like leaves which have a broad bright yellow stripe down the centre. Tall panicles of bronzy-red flowers in late summer. Requires a fertile but very well drained soil in full sun. Height of foliage 4 feet, with flowers 7 to 8 feet.
Phormium 'Jack Spratt'
Evergreen, clump forming shrub with stiff, sword-shaped, bronze-brown coloured leaves. Requires a fertile, but very well drained soil in sun. Shelter from cold winds. Height 3 feet.
Phormium 'Jester'
An outstanding evergreen whose stiff, sword-like leaves are red with a green edge. Excellent for tropical effect. Requires a fertile, very well drained soil in sun. Height 4 feet.
Phormium 'Maori Maiden'
An upright, clump-forming evergreen, whose stiff sword-like leaves are salmon pink, striped deep red. Excellent focal point in a gravel area. Requires a very well drained soil in sun. Height 3 feet.
Phormium 'Maori Queen'
Evergreen plant whose large, sword-like leaves have a broad red stripe down the centre. Requires very well drained soil, full sun and shelter from cold winds. Height 4 to 6 feet.
Phormium 'Maori Sunrise'
Evergreen plant whose large, sword-like leaves are striped with green, bronze and red. Requires a very well drained soil, full sun and shelter from cold winds. Height 4 to 6 feet
Phormium 'Pink Panther'
Evergreen plant with large, sword-like candy pink leaves edged with red. Requires a very well drained soil, full sun and shelter from cold winds. Height 4 to 6 feet.
Phormium 'Pink Stripe'
A superb evergreen whose green leaves are edged with pink. An excellent container plant for a warm terrace. Requires a fertile but very well drained soil in sun. Height 6 feet
Phormium 'Platt's Black'
Evergreen, clump forming shrub whose sword-shaped leaves are an unusual purple-black. Requires a fertile, but very well drained soil in sun. Shelter from cold winds. Height 3 to 4 feet.
Phormium 'Rainbow Maiden'
Outstanding evergreen whose long, arching sword-shaped dusky-pink leaves are edged with brownish-purple. Tall panicles of bronzy-red flowers on mature plants. Requires a fertile, very well drained soil in sun. Height 3 feet.
Phormium 'Rainbow Queen'
An upright, clump-forming evergreen, whose stiff sword-like leaves are rosey-pink edged with bronze-red centres. Excellent focal point in a gravel area. Requires a very well drained soil in sun. Height 3 feet.
Phormium 'Rainbow Surprise'
Outstanding evergreen whose long, arching sword-shaped dusky-pink leaves are edged with bronze green. Requires a fertile, very well drained soil in sun & shelter from cold winds. Height 4 feet.
Phormium 'Sundowner'
An upright, clump-forming evergreen, whose stiff sword-like leaves are coppery-red, edged pink which fade to cream with age. Excellent focal point in a gravel area. Requires a very well drained soil in sun. Height 4 feet.
Phormium 'Surfer Boy'
A low growing evergreen whose narrow green leaves are edged with reddish-bronze. Excellent plant for a gravel garden. Requires a very well drained soil with 2 to 3 inches of gravel around the neck of the plant and full sun. Height 2 feet.
Phormium 'Surfer Bronze'
Evergreen, clump forming shrub whose stiff, sword-shaped bronze leaves become twisted with age. Requires a fertile, but very well drained soil in sun. Shelter from cold winds. Height 3 feet.
Phormium 'Yellow Wave'
A lovely evergreen New Zealand Flax which forms a tight clump of green and yellow striped sword-like leaves. Tall panicles of bronzy-red flowers in late summer. Requires a fertile very well drained soil in full sun. Height of foliage 3 feet, with flowers 6 to 8 feet.
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Trachycarpus fortunei
A remarkable evergreen palm with large green fan shaped leaves which will develop a trunk. Large panicles of small yellow flowers borne in late summer. Best grown in a fertile well drained soil, sheltered from strong winds. Height 8 feet.
Trachycarpus nanus
A dwarf evergreen shrub whose large glossy green leaves have the appearance of an open fan. Panicles of pale yellow flowers in late summer. Requires a fertile, well drained soil and shelter from cold winds. Excellent conservatory plant. Height 3 feet.
Trachycarpus wagnerianus
A superb evergreen palm whose large, fan-shaped leaves are ideal to give a tropical affect in a sheltered garden. Requires a fertile, moist, but well drained soil in sun or part shade. Height 6 to 8 feet in 10 years.
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Yucca aloifolia Spanish Bayonet'
A tender evergreen shrub whose sword-like, dark green, spine tipped leaves form a dense rosette. Spires of white bell-shaped flowers in summer. Requires a fertile, very well drained soil and shelter from cold winds and hard frost. Excellent large conservatory plant. height 6 to 9 feet.
Yucca aloifolia f. marginata
A tender evergreen shrub, forming a rosette of dark green, yellow edged, spine tipped leaves. Spires of white, bell-shaped flowers are borne in summer. Best grown in a pot of well drained compost, and kept frost free in a greenhouse or conservatory in the winter. Height 6 to 8 feet.
Yucca elephantipes 'Puck'
A superb evergreen for a warm garden or conservatory. Rosettes of sword shaped green leaves with a yellow edge. Requires a fertile but very well drained soil in sun. Resents wet soil and frost. Height 6 to 8 feet.
Yucca filamentosa
Excellent evergreen focal point for a meditteranean or tropical affect. Rosette of sword-like dark green leaves, margined with curly white threads. Spires of creamy-white flowers on mature plants. Requires a fertile, well drained soil in sun. Height 2 feet (3 to 4 feet in flower).
Yucca filamentosa 'Bright Edge'
A splendid evergreen for a tropical effect. Excellent container plant forming a large rosette of green, sword shaped leaves which are edged with yellow. Spires of white flowers are produced on mature plants. Requires a fertile but well drained soil in sun. Height 2.5 to 3 feet.
Yucca filamentosa 'Garland's Gold'
Rosette of sword like leaves with a broad golden stripe down the centre. Spires of white flowers in July, on mature plants. Best in a well drained soil in full sun. Height 2 to 3 feet.
Yucca filamentosa 'Variegata'
Rosette of cream edged sword shaped leaves. Spires of white flowers in July. Best in a well drained soil in full sun. Height 2 feet.
Yucca flaccida
Excellent evergreen focal point for a tropical effect. Rosette of green sword-like leaves which bend downwards towards their tips. Spires of creamy-white flowers in summer. Requires a fertile, well drained soil in sun. Height 2.5 feet (3 to 4 feet in flower).
Yucca flaccida 'Golden Sheild'
A glorious evergreen, forming a rosette of stiff, sword shaped green leaves which have a golden strap down the centre. Ideal plant for a meditteranean style garden. Requires a fertile very well drianed soil in sun. Height 2 to 3 feet.
Yucca flaccida 'Ivory'
Evergreen rosettes of stiff blue-green leaves and four feet spires of white flowers in late summer. Requires a well drained soil in full sun. Height 2 feet.
Yucca flaccida 'Silver Star'
A superb evergreen which is ideal as a container plant on a hot terrace. Stout stems carry tight rosettes of long sword-like green, silvery-grey striped leaves. Mature plants produce spires of creamy-white flowers in summer. Requires a fertile, but very well drained soil in sun or light shade. Height 3 to 4 feet.
Yucca gloriosa
A superb rosette forming evergreen with stiff, sword shaped, spine tipped green leaves and spires of creamy-white flowers in late summer. Ideal for mediterranean type gardens. Requires a well drained soil in full sun. Height 4 to 5 feet.
Yucca gloriosa 'Variegata'
A superb rosette forming evergreen with stiff, sword shaped, spine tipped green edged yellow leaves and spires of creamy-white flowers in late summer. Ideal for mediterranean type gardens. Requires a well drained soil in full sun. Height 4 to 5 feet.
Yucca recurvifolia
An attractive evergreen plant with long, curved, sword like leaves and spires of creamy-white bell-like flowers in late summer. Excellent tub plant. Requires a fertile, but very well drained soil in sun. Height 3 to 4 feet.



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